Yale Case - 15625 Words

9-812-062 OCTOBER 18, 2011 JOSH LERNER ANN LEAMON Yale University Investments Office: February 2011 â€Å"†¦anointing winners and losers on the basis of 12 months’ worth of performance is silly in the context of portfolios that are being managed with incredibly long time horizons.† — David F. Swensen, Chief Investment Officer, Yale University1 On a February afternoon in 2011, David Swensen, Chief Investment Officer of Yale University, stared out his window at the snow blanketing the city of New Haven. He was considering the roster for the Investments Office’s 2011 softball team, which would be defending its first-ever Yale University championship. It was nice to imagine the warmth of summer. Swensen and the Investments Office had†¦show more content†¦The creation of a formal endowment for Yale was triggered by the 1818 disestablishment of Congregationalism as Connecticut’s state religion. Students and alumni alike demanded that the school respond by establishing a divinity school to offer theological instruction. To fund this effort, numerous alumni made large gifts, the first in a series of successful fund drives. While Yale used many of these donations to buy land and construct buildings, other funds were invested in corporate and railroad bonds, as well as equities. By the century’s end, th e endowment had reached $5 million. The growth of the endowment accelerated during the first three decades of the twentieth century, due both to several enormous bequests and to aggressive investments in equities, which represented well over half the endowment’s portfolio during the Roaring Twenties. In 1930, equities were 42% of the Yale endowment; the average university had only 11.5%.3 Yale avoided severe erosion of its endowment during the Great Depression in the 1930s, however, because many recent bequests were kept in cash or Treasuries rather than being invested in equities. In the late 1930s, Treasurer Laurence Tighe decided that the share of equities in Yale’s portfolio should be dramatically reduced. Tighe argued that higher taxes were likely to expropriate any corporate profits that equity holders would otherwise receive even if a recovery did occur. He concluded that bonds wouldShow MoreRelatedYale Case1752 Words   |  8 Pagespartners of the universitys group. Yale sought for compensation to be as linked as possible with investment performance rather than based in high fixed fees. With this strategy they intended for private equity funds managers to be more motivated and to align its objectives with theirs. On the other side equity firms were given a considerable amount of flexibility on their investment decisions. The control was done mainly in the selection stage where Yale guaranteed that its and the firms objectivesRead MoreYale Case Solution - Investment Management1027 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversification to reduce risk by limiting exposure to any single class. This is reflected in their asset allocation over the years. In Exhibit 1, Yale has been consistently investing in 6 asset classes: domestic equity, foreign equity, bonds, cash, real assets, private equity, and absolute return. While the weight of these asset class changes over time, Yale maintain their philosophy and still invest in all of these class. They change the weight i n a particular class if they feel that market misvaluedRead MoreSolution to Case on Yale Model - Investment Management Class1036 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversification to reduce risk by limiting exposure to any single class. This is reflected in their asset allocation over the years. In Exhibit 1, Yale has been consistently investing in 6 asset classes: domestic equity, foreign equity, bonds, cash, real assets, private equity, and absolute return. While the weight of these asset class changes over time, Yale maintain their philosophy and still invest in all of these class. They change the weight in a particular class if they feel that market misvaluedRead MoreCase Study : Yale Universitys Ranking National University759 Words   |  4 PagesYale University is also a non-governmental institution supported in 1701. this can be a full underground enrollment of five, 532, its institution may be a town, and thus the dimensions of the realm is 343 acres. It uses a semester-based tutorial c alendar, Yale Universitys Ranking National University, inside the 2017 edition of Best colleges, 3. Its teaching and fee unit $ forty nine,480 (2016-17). Yale University, established in Urban Centers, Connecticut, is assumed to possess its own superb dramaRead MoreEssay about London: A Cultural City1248 Words   |  5 Pagesand Johann Peter Salomon. Even Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart performed in the city. The culture of the city became the partner of its commerce. Crown and Parliament did very little, by contrast, to promote Londons public culture and intellect, and the case of painting is one instance. Public commercial galleries opened in Georgian London, but there was no comparison with those in Italy and France, for this reason the capital had to wait until the nineteenth century for the National Gallery. Museums hadRead More Presidential Campaigns From George Washington to George Bush by Paul F. Boller Jr. 586 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Bush Author: Paul F. Boller Jr. Publisher: Oxford University Press Date: 2004 Pages: 479 The Author Paul F. Boller, Jr. was born on December 31, 1916 in Spring Lake, New Jersey. He received a B.A. degree in 1939 and a Ph.D. in 1947, both from Yale University. He served as a Japanese translator for the U.S. Navy from 1942 through 1946 and then as a civilian analyst for the Office of Naval Intelligence in Washington, D.C. He taught history as a professor at several universities, including SouthernRead MoreObject Analysis - Corsets2737 Words   |  11 Pagesand did not require such extreme methods to gain the silhouette the new fashion called for. Couturiers like Paul Poiret, moved towards a corsetless figure, and were pleaded by leaders in the corset trade not to ruin their trade. Yet this was not the case, as it only called for new types of corsets to be produced, those that were far more flexible, and showed a much more slender physique. Instead of enhancing the hips, the new corsets were to designed to pull in the hips: meaning the corsets wereRead MoreAcademic Education And Academic Schools2036 Words   |  9 PagesBut if they enroll at Harvard or Yale, then they would most likely be in the middle of the pack or even at the bottom due to competition. Yes, employers look at the college that they attended, but they can also see their class ranking and if they thrived as a student and impacted their school. As a result, Gladwell is assuming that students at public schools have as much of a chance to land a job as Ivy league graduates. Moreover, Gladwell reported many cases where high school students, who lovedRead MorePresidential Election : Presidential Candidates1410 Words   |  6 Pagesand Dutch descent. She attended Yale Law School, where she served on the editorial board of the Yale Review of Law and Social Action. During her sophomore year ( second year of yale), she worked at the Yale Child Study Center, where she was learning about new research on early childhood brain development and she started working as a research assistant on the seminal work, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child (1973). She also took on some cases of child abuse at Yale–New Haven Hospital and volunteeredRead MoreArrested Development Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesby James Forman Jr. , is an article that looks at the issue of racial profiling. III. ------------------------------------------------- James Forman Jr. is a Professor of Law at Yale Law School. He is a graduate of Brown University and Yale law school * ------------------------------------------------- Yale faculty biographies ------------------------------------------------- IV. ------------------------------------------------- Forman aims this article towards conservatives which

Springsteens The Ghost of Tom Joad relationship with...

In 1995, Bruce Springsteen produced an album titled â€Å"The Ghost of Tom Joad†. Its title track brings out a lot of ideas from John Steinbeck’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Grapes of Wrath. Migrant workers, as explained in chapter twenty three of The Grapes of Wrath, used music as a main source of entertainment. They would play the harmonica, the guitar, and the fiddle, while the other workers would dance and be jolly, despite how bad the work was that day. The instrumentals of the song are harmonica and acoustic guitar. This helps to bring out both the theme of the song and the ideas from the book. The seventh line of the song is â€Å"Families sleepin in their cars in the southwest† (The Ghost of Tom Joad 1995). In the book, while†¦show more content†¦It was the road to â€Å"paradise†. The thirteenth line hints at Tom Joad’s religious parallel. It says â€Å"He pulls a prayer book out of his sleeping bag† (The Ghost o f Tom Joad 1995). Tom Joad can be seen as a Moses-type leader. Where Moses was leading the Hebrew people to the Promised Land, Tom was leading the migrant workers to unionization and a better life. Both leaders rejected the warnings of those who had turned back once they had reached the destination. In Moses’ case, it was the Hebrew spies, while Tom was being advised by fellow Okies who could not find jobs. The next line reads, â€Å"Preacher lights up a butt and takes a drag† (The Ghost of Tom Joad 1995). This line symbolizes the corruption of Jim Casy. Usually when you picture a preacher, smoking a cigarette is that last thing you would imagine him doing. Jim Casy was a preacher prior to the novel. Then he began to think for himself and committed sins. When he realized what he had done he quickly resigned his position. A few lines down the lyrics read, â€Å"Got a one-way ticket to the promised land† (The Ghost of Tom Joad 1995). The bankrupt sharecr oppers saw California as â€Å"the promised land†. Most of them barely had enough money after selling all of their possessions to buy a car. The cars that they could afford weren’t even worth what they paid, and broke down many times before they reached California. By the time they finally reached California and realized that

Gender Disadvantages In Education Education Essay Free Essays

string(155) " to increased public presentation among females as their strong biological science orientation has pulled up their general class in scientific discipline\." In the early 1990s came the first indicants that the instability between male and female accomplishment was altering. The grounds for this emerged foremost from the consequences of the GCSE scrutiny and so from Advanced Level consequences. These showed that the spread between male and female attainment was widening in the favor of females in humanistic disciplines and humanistic disciplines topics, and in the scientific disciplines the traditional advantage of males over females was contracting. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Disadvantages In Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Possible readings for this are as follows: foremost that male childs are merely falling behind, secondly, it could now be that societal policy is in fact helping females and thirdly, that attitudes are get downing to alter within the instruction system and females are get downing to work their new found equality. The reading that male childs are falling behind suggests that it is non merely that females are accomplishing better than earlier, but that there is a job with male childs and instruction that has non yet been to the full explored by sociologists. The grounds given for this falling buttocks are varied, but harmonizing to Barber ( 1994 ) they are connected to males developing much less positive attitudes to instruction than females. This negative attitude is manifested in a figure of ways, including lower work rates among male pupils and marks of alienation, such as increased hooky and behaviour jobs among male pupils. It is besides suggested that male equal groups tend to develop less favorable attitudes towards instruction and this creates peer group force per unit area. In 1994 Panorama ( BBC 1, 24 October ) drew on American research to demo that parents spend less clip reading and discoursing books with their boies than with their girls. It was suggested that this could be linked to reluctance among males to read and their poorer criterions of literacy. This position has been influential in carrying some educationists that any docket for equal chances initiatives demands to turn to male underachievement every bit much as that of females. However women’s rightists would reason that this account tends to play down the existent advancement being made by female pupils and to deviate attending back to male childs. Males are surely falling behind females in regard of draging exam consequences, but it is non the lone contributing factor. The reading that societal policy is now helping females suggests that a figure of policy alterations have been effectual in promoting female pupils to accomplish in those countries where they have traditionally done ill. The first enterprise was GIST ( Girls in to Science and Technology ) , which was designed to promote female pupils to choose for scientific discipline and engineering. This included such enterprises as set uping visits from female scientists to move as positive function theoretical accounts, developing course of study stuffs that reflected female involvements, non-sexist callings advice and the raising to instructors ‘ consciousness if gender function stereotyping. However critics of this account suggest that it is hard to trap down a general addition in female criterions to this peculiar enterprise, as GIST was reasonably narrow in range and affected merely a few selected schools. Nor were these policies needfully ever followed through because they were expensive to implement. Another enterprise that has been claimed to be successful is the debut of single-sex categories. This builds on the statements of in favor of single-sex schools. Female-only categories provide positive function theoretical accounts, as, for illustration, the scientific discipline instructor excessively has to be female. In scientific discipline lessons, holding no male child in the category removes the domination of research lab equipment by male childs and besides female pupils to reply inquiries and follow their involvements. The positive results of female-only categories are said to be an addition in female assurance and a more positive attitude towards scientific discipline. Critics of this attack argue that female-only categories do non vouch that instructors ‘ attitudes are changed or that sexist stuffs such as text portraying adult females in dependant or administrative functions are non used. As with GIST this attack has merely been adopted by a few schools as it is com paratively expensive to implement. It would besides be hard to happen females who are really qualified to learn traditionally â€Å" male † topics, for illustration the sum of females qualified to learn woodwork is limited, therefore doing individual sex schools on a larger graduated table about impossible unless topics such as woodwork were dropped from the studied course of study. It could besides be that individual sex categories are damaging to male educational attainment. It is true that there are no misss at that place for â€Å" male childs to demo off in forepart of † or â€Å" endeavour to affect † which may enable males to be more focussed on the undertaking at manus. However, a individual sex male category may fuel an anti-school subculture and enhance equal group force per unit area on a much larger graduated table. Some male childs ‘ may derive â€Å" street cred † and peer group position from non working. These male childs may make sub-cultures in some schools which are both anti-education and anti-learning. Their members may good see school work as â€Å" uncool † and â€Å" unmasculine † in peculiar reading may be considered as drilling, feminine and to be avoided at all costs. This may explicate why male childs are less painstaking and miss the application for coursework accomplishments. The debut of GCSE, as opposed to O degree and GCE, is argued to hold favoured females. The rules behind GCSE are that pupils should be able to demo what they ‘know, understand and can make ‘ . In order to accomplish this, coursework has been introduced as a outstanding characteristic of GCSE classs. This constituent is said to favor the consistent and painstaking work that is characteristic of female pupils. Similarly the increased accent on unwritten appraisal is supposed to favor female accomplishments. Besides, the widespread debut of joint Science GCSE ‘s has led to increased public presentation among females as their strong biological science orientation has pulled up their general class in scientific discipline. You read "Gender Disadvantages In Education Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" However the consequence of these inventions is likely to limited. For illustration coursework Markss are limited in GCSE, so there are clear restraints on the sum of benefit female pupils can be said to derive. Nor is it clear that female pupils possess the properties given to them, such as working systematically harder than males. There is for illustration a clear nexus between category and females ‘ attitude towards school work. The outside school position of altering attitudes suggests that female attitudes towards instruction and work have changed significantly. This is partially because more immature adult females have rallied to the women’s rightist call for gender equality and partially because of the employment opportunities available to them. Thus it is claimed that adult females are now more independent minded and ambitious, and with their higher outlooks they are less likely to desire to get married and get down a household at a immature age – instruction, work and calling have become a new focal point of gender individuality ( Sharpe, 1994 ) . Wilkinson ( 1994 ) besides shows that employment has taken over from get downing a household as the chief purpose of immature adult females, and that this displacement in societal attitudes is holding a strong bearing on educational aspirations and public presentation. However it is of import non to overrate the grade of alteration in attitudes. Sharpe ( 1994 ) indicates that many of the females in her 1990s survey, like those in the 1970s research, awaited life as a ‘dual worker ‘ , uniting paid employment and domestic duties. Sharpe besides acknowledges that the desire to derive educational makings may partially reflect females ‘ acknowledgment of the breakability of the labor market in a period of recession. It should besides be highlighted that the increased employment chances are less impressive than at first sight. It may be that the ‘glass ceiling ‘ has been lifted somewhat, so that adult females are found in important Numberss in middle-management places, but females are still underrepresented in the top echelons of direction and overrepresented in the dead-end portion clip work they have traditionally dominated. This deficiency of gender equality is recognised by Sharpe ( 1994 ) , and she sees it as potentially denting the outlooks and aspirations of females in the 1990s. The type of relationship that the pupil has with their instructors has considerable bearing on exam consequences. Teachers have different thoughts about the type of behavior that is consistent with the student ‘s function. Similarly, students have conflicting positions about what makes an ideal instructor. Some students are unable to populate up to the theoretical account of the ideal students held by their instructor. As a consequence it may take to new forms of behavior, which influence their degrees of attainment. A considerable sum of research has been carried out into how instructors make sense of, and respond to behaviour of their students. In his book ‘Outsiders ‘ Howard Becker puts frontward his labelling theory of behavior. His theory suggests that the classifying of behavior by instructors leads to labels being attached to pupils. This categorization will so impact what will finally go on to the student. And therefore will take to the self-fulfilling progn ostication. Ball for case in 1986 found that instructors ‘ labels had affected their public presentation. Whilst Licht and Dwect that male childs are more frequently criticised by their instructors and hence develop negative feelings towards schooling. However in a direct contradiction of the findings of Licht and Dwect, research has provided some grounds that instructors are non as critical with male childs as with misss. They may hold lower outlooks of male childs, anticipating work to be tardily, rushed and untidy and expect male childs ‘ to be more riotous. Some research suggests that male childs are less positively influenced than misss or even turned off by primary school environments which are female dominated and may hold an accent on spruceness or tidiness. Relationships between females and their instructors are by and large better than those enjoyed by the males and their instructors. ( Abraham, 1995 ) One ground for this is that a higher per centum of misss than male childs portion the values of the instructor. Gay Randall, 1987 noted that instructors had more contact clip with misss than with male childs. If a hapless relationship is observed between a instructor and student, it could be a consequence that the student could stop up in a hapless set. Research shows that some underachieve because they were placed in the incorrect set. There was really small difference between the sexes on this issue. Some pupils thought they had been below the belt placed into the incorrect sets. As David Hardgrave ‘s has pointed out, the set that person is in will act upon teacher outlooks. This in bend will act upon public presentation. Students believed that there were moral behavioral jobs in the lower sets. This was more of a job for male childs as their equal group more influenced them Bly, 1996 The set a student is placed in can sometimes be altered at parent ‘s petition, which demonstrates that educational attainment and relationship with parents are linked. J.W. Douglas ‘ work The Home and School reveals that parents have considerable influence over the academic public presentation of their kids in school. This pioneering research has been confirmed by plentifulness of other sociologists, in the 1970 ‘s Berthoud, 1976, Swift 1977, Mackinnon, 1978. Divorce, as other research, shows can badly restrict academic public presentation. In some households, females may be the primary staff of life victors. Consequently, traditional masculine functions are under menace. Working category male childs ‘ perceptual experience of this may act upon their motive and aspiration. They may experience that makings are a waste of clip because there are merely limited chances in the occupation market. They may non see any point hence in working difficult in school A disrupted place will necessarily interfere with a student ‘s ‘home survey ‘ . Home survey is of import to educational attainment and is something that seems to favor misss McRobbie, 1976 Girls are more likely to work harder and make more alteration as they feel they have something to take for. There is besides considerable grounds available that suggests that there is a connexion between prep and educational attainment rating. A recent survey provides grounds that misss spend more clip on prep than male childs, therefore accomplishing and gaining higher classs in test. Boys, chiefly from working category backgrounds, may be sing low ego regard and hapless motive which has holding an inauspicious consequence on their educational public presentation. Research by Harris et Al in 1993 into the attitudes of 16-year-olds from preponderantly working category backgrounds towards school assignment, prep and callings confirms that many male childs are accomplishing below their possible. It was found that misss tended to be more hard-working and better motivated than male childs, whilst male childs were more easy distracted in the schoolroom and less determined to get the better of academic troubles. Overall, misss were prepared to work systematically to run into coursework deadlines, whereas male childs had trouble on organizing their clip. There was a greater preparedness among misss to make school work at place and pass more clip on prep than male childs. When believing about the hereafter, the immature adult females recognised the demand to derive makings, for lives, which would affect paid employment every bit good as domestic duties. By and large, the males has non given much thought to their hereafters and seemed reasonably unconcerned about their hapless school public presentation. The writers relate their findings to the gender ‘regimes ‘ , which the immature people encounter in their places and communities. Some of the misss, exposed to the image of adult females as organizer, responsible for place and household and pay earning, displayed similar features themselves, i.e. being extremely organised with school work and prep. Harris et al argue that the dominant stereotype of the male in the on the job category community they examined was extremely butch. Typically, this was characterised by a neglect for authorization of organizational constructions and an enjoyment of the active company of other males. Some male childs were already carry throughing such a stereotype in their attack to school, demoing small respect for working steadily and disassociating themselves with formal demands. It is non the instance that males are now the disadvantaged sex in instruction, it is merely the instance that females are doing better usage of their new found equality and working the anti-school subculture adopted by their male opposite numbers. How to cite Gender Disadvantages In Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Consumer Behaviour of the Australian Customers

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour of the Australian Customers. Answer: Introduction In this study, Consumer Behaviour of the Australian customers has been discussed focusing on the consumers' behaviour for the greeting cards. In addition, Hallmark Cards of Australia has been chosen for conducting the study focusing on the consumers' behaviour. In this study, a clear literature review section has been given with providing facilitators and barriers for the consumer's behaviour. In order to conduct the study, clear target customers of the hallmark greeting cards have been selected and interviews have been conducted with laddering techniques. In the final section, recommendations and conclusion have been given identifying the issues of the consumer behaviour. Overview of Hallmark Cards Australia Hallmark Cards is an organisation that is privately owned by an American company of Kansas City. This company has its history for more than 100 years as it was founded in the year of 1910. In the United States, Hallmark is the largest manufacturer of greetings cards and this organisation was set up by Joyce Hall. In the year of 1985, Hallmark Cards was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In the case of Australia, this organisation had its licence in 1955. However, this organisation has been delivering the products through retail organisations as well. In the year 1979, this organisation has changed its name with Hallmark Cards Australia (Hallmark Helper, 2016). Product category of Hallmark Cards Moreover, this organisation is served in Australia, United States and New Zealand. In the recent time scenario, Hallmark Cards is delivering personalised e-cards for the customers. Hallmark Cards is famous for the greeting cards, however, they have been delivering gifts, books, ornaments, stationery, Itty-Bitty, sentimental frames etc. Hallmark Cards delivers Shoebox, this is a humour card that the company has introduced in the year 1989. Apart from this, they evolved the studio cards and with the advancement of time, they introduced two characters in the card, they are hoops and yoyo. They have been providing cards for birthday, valentines' cards, fathers' day card, love card etc. In recent time, they have been in the software printed cards and customised e-cards. They have made a partnership with Nova Development and with Microsoft Greetings for delivering customised cards for consumers (Hallmark Helper, 2016). Consumer segmentation Market Segmentation is a strategy of marketing for an organisation that they choose to market their products. In order to market their products, they create a segmentation of the customers. This process is to create a subset of customers who have common needs, priorities or interests. Then, the organisation designs the strategy of marketing and targets them. According to Schiffman et al. (2013), behavioural segmentation is characteristics of purchase occasion, purchase behaviour and perception of beliefs. On the other side, psychographic consumer segmentation is related to the lifestyles and personality. In customer profile basis, an organisation can make segmentation of customers with socio-economic, demographic and geographic (Brunori, Rossi Guidi, 2012). In case of the Hallmark Cards Australia, families that are associated with the kids can be their target customers, especially in seasonal times, like Father's day, Birthdays etc. The organisation sells greeting cards, for this teenage and young generation can be their target customer. Target Consumer The target market is parents of the kids and the young generations. Kids are the future generation of a country. Furthermore, parents of the children aged 4-12 of Australia are the major target market of Hallmark Cards Australia. Kids like to have greeting cards for celebrating New Year's, fathers day etc. parents buy these cards for them. In addition, new generation parents like to have e-cards as well. Geographic Region Australian regions Demographic Age 23+ Sex Male and Female Family size 3-6 Income 20,000+ Australian dollars Occupation Service, business, Education University degree, college degree Psychographic Personality Outgoing, doting father, mother Lifestyles Achievers, believers, socially active, thinkers Behavioural Purchase time Social occasion, birthday, holidays, weddings and much more Benefits Domestic shipping, home delivery, friendly atmosphere, reasonable price Usage rate Dependent on occasion Loyalty Strong-100% Table 1: Target Consumers (Source: Created by Author) Engaging the customers Offline and Online The organisation needs to engage the customers both on online and in offline. In the global scenario of the marketing, consumer behaviour depends on the visibility of the products and services (Funk, Alexandris McDonald, 2016). However, the organisations need to engage the customers in their business all time. Successful consumers association is related to know the use of both online and offline use of customer engagement modes (Jalas Juntunen, 2015). Organisations must know to complement these two effectively. In the case of offline purchase of a product, the customer can pay this with the use of online banking and online payment mode. In the case of an offline purchase, the customers can make up their minds beforehand with the use of the organisation's websites (Sohaib Kang, 2014). In most of the cases, the customers make their mind before visiting the retailers or outlets of the organisations using company's websites. This is the process of successful utilising the use of both offline and online methods. This is a process customer's engagement and utilising this method, an organisation can ensure the customer engagement (Kahle Chiagouris, 2014). Visibility of a product before the customers is important in recent time as the customers are now comparing various products in order to buy a simple product. In a recent study conducted by Australian survey organisation, it is revealed that 30% of the customers aged between 20 and 40 preferred online view of the products before they buy a product (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). In the case of greeting cards, the customers like to see the range of greeting cards that the organisation have with them. In recent time, the organisation's like to manage the websites and apps for customised the cards for the customers. The organisations are using various kinds of software for making customised e-cards for the customers (Klazmer, 2012). The physical location of the organisation needs to mention clearly by the organisation's website. Online process assists an organisation to communicate the customers easily through social networking emails marketing (Jack Ronan, 1997). The communication and visibility both increase in this process and these motivates consumer purchase. Fostering the card-givers Giving gifts and cards is a tradition in all countries and this process is related to several factors. These can be economic cards giver and symbolic card givers. This is related to the make the other person feel better. The first thing that a card can do is to make the other people happy and this card giving procedure is related to the religious activities, spending money and gifts, helping cards, receiving cards and time and family (Virvalaite, Saladiene Bagdonaite, 2015). The genuine card givers are the people that enjoy giving the cards to people in order to make the people happy and rejoice. The genuine card givers think that it is a pleasure for them to send the cards to the love ones. They send the cards in several occasions like wedding time, seasonal time, birthday time etc. on the other side, some of the people are status hound as they do not send the cards for pleasure purposes. As stated by Sharma (2014), they send the cards for self-enhancement of their status. This process is a technique to show the money power or the status power of the people. In this case, cards are nothing to do with the recipient's good and value. This is typically for business purposes only. Greeting cards are the show of someone's love, concerns and happiness to others and the organisations have started to utilise the both type of card givers who send for the purpose of love and who send for professional purposes. Parents are the type of card givers who buy the gifts for the specific purpose of the children and the children like to make happy others. On the other side, youngsters like to buy cards for giving their near ones for traditional purposes or professional utilisation (Singelis, 1994). Organisations of the greeting cards manufacturers are trying to grab both types of cards givers for their business purposes. Fostering their card giving tendency through offline and online can enhance their market. Barriers Free software to make greeting cards Greeting cards are the ways of expressing one's feelings to the other in a traditional way. However, business cards are getting famous in recent time for making the cards in a purposeful way. Organisations that make the traditional greeting cards has been facing issues with online software that help to make e-cards for near and dear ones in wishing and celebrate their birthdays, weddings and many more occasions. In this scenario, the manufacturers have made their own online pages for providing customised cards for the customers. However, this policy incurred million for the organisation in order to partnership technological organisation to lend their software and technology. In this case, Hallmark Cards took the help of Microsoft software in designing latest cards for them. This licensing policies and collaborating techniques need to spend a huge amount for the manufacturer organisation. On the other side, Horner Swarbrooke (2016) opined that in recent time, customers can find easy access to the designing software on the internet. A single search on the internet can give free access to the customised cards. In order to access such software designed by the organisation, customers just need to log in their pages. Some of the time, a trial version of the costly card-designing software can be accessed. In this scenario, customers do not need to spend a single dollar on this process. This free access to the software and technology decreases the market of greeting cards in this age of digitalisation (Gossling et al. 2012). Greeting card manufacturer organisations fail to make a market of their printable e-cards, however, this has made loss of market and money for the organisation. Customers can use these free cards for sending e-mails for business purposes and for their near ones in social media. These kinds of cards are printable (East et al. 2013). Consumer motivation The consumer is the sole factor for an organisation to run and consumers make a purchase with their senses like sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Consumer buying behaviour defines the process of consumer purchases a goods or products for using for families or themselves (Seegebarth et al. 2015). Before a buying a product, a consumer is influenced by several factors, like economic needs, psychological variables, social influence and purchase situation (Hugstad, Taylor Bruce, 2013). The consumer must have the motivation to buy a product and they must have needs, wants and drives for this particular product. Consumers want these kinds of products that meet their seek benefits of their match. As stated by Cohen, Prayag, Moital (2014), the motivation of the customers is mainly driving force for buy a product. The motivation of a customer can be extrinsic and intrinsic as well. In greeting cards industry, the factors of motivation can be both. Motivation to buy a product comes from the reference group, culture and opinion leaders. In case of parents of a child and family members, they get their motivation from the husband, children, wife and that can be mutual factors as well (Boztepe, 2016). In greeting cards industry, family members buy cards for seasonal purposes and their motivation is related to the attitude, belief and feelings for others (Gssling et al. 2012). Manufacturers of the greeting cards relate the key issues of the buying behaviour of the customers are building trust, meeting expectations, ethical issues etc. The motivation that comes from within of the consumers for buying a product needs an approval of decision-making process of the customers that are associated with recognition, alternative evaluation and information search (Greco, 2013). Consumer Interviews This interview procedure has been conducted over four respondents. These interviews provided help in understanding the viewpoints of the encouragement and barriers of the customers in buying of the greeting cards. In this study, interviews have been conducted with parents of the kids who buy greeting cards from Hallmark Cards. Interview procedure was conducted with 2 mothers and 2 fathers of kids of Australia from different regions. In these interviews, consumer segment is parents of the kids in Australian and they would be asked about the greeting card ranges of Hallmark cards, Australia. Comparing table of respondents Respondent 1 Respondent 2 Respondent 3 Respondent 4 Father (Male 1) Father (Male 2) Mother (Female 1) Mother (Female 2) Age 30-35 25-30 25-30 30-35 Family size 6 4 5 4 Occupation Businessman Professor House maker Manager of multinational company Income $50,000 approx $40,000 approx - $20,000 approx Education Undergraduate Post-graduate Post graduate + diploma Undergraduate Table 2: Respondents of Interviews (Source: Created by author) General Perceptions of greeting cards In order to conduct the interviews of the respondents, general interviews have been conducted to the friends and families. During these general interviews, most of the individuals averred the potential value of the greeting cards on their lives. Greeting cards play an important role to convey one's desire. On the other side, each of the people likes to receive greeting cards as well. Respondents of the general interviews mentioned that in this technological faster world, the true essence of handmade greeting cards has been obsolete. People are now giving preference to the e-greeting cards and animated cards that are built through using of software. The days of hand writing cards have gone and instead of this, the days of software led printable cards have come to the place. Telling someone of the words of the heart, expressing emotion gets easy with the greeting cards. Emotion gets to mix with the technology in this era and this mixed up shapes to the new age of greeting cards. On the other side, business persons need the business cards that can tell for their business purposes. They design their cards on that purpose only. It can be deduced that the mixing of technology and tradition of the recent generation, the greeting card takes a new shape. The creating of double needs of business and emotion, the manufacturers have created demands of cards for them. Interview techniques In order to conduct the research, laddering interview technique has been selected for understanding people's buying of the products. The laddering technique is used to take for qualitative research method. According to Yu Lee, (2016), laddering questions of an interview is related to the product attributes, consequences of the products that can create personal meaning for the users of the products. In this case, the product is greeting cards and consumers are the parents of the kids in Australia. Which feature of the greeting cards do you like best of Hallmark Cards? Respondent 1 (Male 1): I do not buy greeting cards much; however, I like the e-cards that Hallmark provides for business purposes. This type of card conveys love for fashion and class. Respondent 2 (Male 2): I like the characters of Hoop and Yoyo in the cards of Hallmark. Respondent 3 (Female 1): I like those cards that featuring a woman with silhouette with accessories sensing a high style because it conveys a portrayal of feminism. Moreover, handmade cards of Hallmark attract me. Respondent 4 (Female 2): I like mainly the holiday cards of Hallmark and I usually buy this for no reason. Moreover, the printing quality of nature attracts me. What does the feature of the greeting cards do to your life? Respondent 1 (Male 1): I am a businessman and I use my greeting cards for business purposes largely. Not only that, I buy greeting cards for other reasons like birthday, wedding seasons as well. My children plead me to buy the cards in New Year time." Respondent 2 (Male 2): I am fond of greeting cards and I do buy cards frequently for no reason. Hoop and Yoyo cards amaze me with fantastic quotes print on them. I buy this each month and whenever a new edition comes on the market. I visit retail market and find for Hoop and Yoyo. I like their chemistry and sense of humour very well." Respondent 3 (Female 1): I always prefer handmade cards and this type of cards provide me pleasure as well. Whenever a marriage ceremony comes I present them with handmade cards of Hallmark. This is costly, but I like them." Respondent 4 (Female 2): The painting of nature on the cards sensitises me and I use these cards in my room. However, I do not feel that plunge of buying cards." What do the functional benefits of the greeting cards do to your life? First respondent (Male 1) mentioned that greeting cards do one of the best parts of his life as he does his business communication using cards. However, he does not buy the cards. His office secretary uses various types of free software for making business cards. Second respondent (Male 2) said that as he is professor, he needs to buy some cards for giving the colleague on farewell occasions. He mentioned that he likes to buy cards for himself also for his own purposes and his children. On the other side, the third respondent (Female 1) mentioned that he bought several time cards for her children and husband. She does send gifts for the relatives with cards. Fourth respondent (Female 2) told that making other people happy makes her happy mostly. In order to the happy person, she sends cards to her friends and makes new bonding of friendship. Her children do send cards to their friends and this enhances friendship, however, it incurs money. Do you find any emotional benefits from greeting cards of Hallmark Cards? On asking this question, First respondent (Male 1) mentioned that doing his business is one of the most important things. Moreover, cards do the same things for him and it provides emotional satisfaction for him by making communication. Second respondent (Male 2) believed that making his colleague happy makes him happy as well and his hobby of collecting cards of Hoop and Yoyo makes him fulfil. At the same time, buying cards for children give him the motivation to buy a card for birthday and family occasions. Third respondent (Female 1) told that she searched for e-cards online and bought them through this. This process of buying makes her happy as she needs not to go outside. Lastly, the respondent (Female 2) mentioned that she becomes happy to give cards to others on weddings or some other occasions. However, she commented that she saw delivery late of the cards and sometimes she failed to find the match of the same products what she has seen earlier on websites to the physical out lets. Analysis of findings Modern card designing of the organisation attracts most of the customers and consumers like to have the cards for family and business purposes too. Conveying the feelings of one can be done through cards and it can increase the level of bonding between two individuals. On the other side, consumers believe that cards must be low-priced for it is available some of the websites for free of cost. The cards of Hallmark provide emotional benefits to the customers and they sometimes do not have the urge to buy the card when no specific needs occur. The merging of online and offline helps for the organisation to lure the customers. The range of the Hallmark is exclusive; however, the matching of the products what they show online must be available on offline as well. Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 1 (Male 1) Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 2 (Male 2) Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 3 (Female 1) Illustration of Hierarchy map For Respondent 4 (Female 2) Recommendations Matching of online products to the outlets Justification: Most of the Australian customers first searched the desired products online or websites of the company and they either buy the products from online or visit the outlets or retails for purchasing. If they do not find the same cards, they would be disappointed. The quality of the cards what is shown on the website must be matched. Hallmark can use the particular code for each product for recognising it separately. Action Plan Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Identification of the cards Development of plan Determination of action with giving codes to products Implementing some staffs for doing this Evaluation Implementation on online and offline Table 3: Action plan Price must be decreased and equal for online and offline various range of cards Justification The customers can find the e-cards and customised cards for free of cost on the internet and they are not having the urge for buying it from paying the money for themselves and their children. It is needed to decrease the price of the cards and delivery charges of the cards need to be free to allure the customers. The price of the same products must be equal on offline and online of Hallmark Cards. Action Plan Activity 1st week 2nd and 3rd weeks 4th and 5th weeks 6th weeks Market research to understand the price of cards for other manufacturers Making plans Hiring experts Decrease the price Observing changes in product quality and making the same price for online and offline products Table 4: Action Plan Conclusion In this study, it is focused on the mainly second project task of the assignment, future generations that are kids of Australia. Although, the focus has been on the parents as they are the target customers of the Hallmark cards. Overall the various ranges of cards have appeal on the Australian customers, especially occasions with friends and family are the best time for selling of the cards. Various facets of the consumers behaviour related to greeting cards have been identified that cause the consumer's buying decisions. Reference List Boztepe, A. (2016). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behaviour.European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 5(1), 5-21. Brunori, G., Rossi, A., Guidi, F. (2012).On the new social relations around and beyond food.Analysing consumers' role and action in Gruppi di AcquistoSolidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups).SociologiaRuralis, 52(1), 1-30. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872-909. East, R., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2013).Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Funk, D. C., Alexandris, K., McDonald, H. (2016). Sports Consumer Behaviour: Marketing Strategies. London: Routledge. Gssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J. P., Dubois, G. (2012).Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change.Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 36-58. Greco, A. J. (2013). Representation of the elderly in advertising: crisis or inconsequence?.Journal of Consumer Marketing. 1(2), 50-59 Hallmark Helper (2016). Hallmarkhelper.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://hallmarkhelper.com.au Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism. London: Routledge. Hugstad, P., Taylor, J. W., Bruce, G. D. (2013). The effects of social class and perceived risk on consumer information search. Journal of Services Marketing, 5(1), 51-55 Jack, S. J., Ronan, K. R. (1997). Sensation seeking among highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(6), 1063à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1083. Jalas, M., Juntunen, J. K. (2015). Energy intensive lifestyles: Time use, the activity patterns of consumers, and related energy demands in Finland. Ecological Economics, 113, 51-59. Kahle, L. R., Chiagouris, L. (2014).Values, lifestyles, and psychographics.Psychology Press. Klazmer, E. (2012). The protection of a celebrity parody: Paris Hilton v. Hallmark Cards. International Journal of Private Law, 5(1), 61-78. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour.Pearson Higher Education AU. Seegebarth, B., Peyer, M., Balderjahn, I., Wiedmann, K. P. (2015).The Sustainability Roots of Anticonsumption Lifestyles and Initial Insights Regarding Their Effects on Consumers' Wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Being.Journal of Consumer Affairs. 26-30 Sharma, M. K. (2014). The Impact on Consumer Buying Behaviour: Cognitive Dissonance. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(9), 833-840. Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ construals.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 591. Sohaib, O., Kang, K. (2014). Cultural Aspects of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and Australia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 61. 61-65 Solomon, M. R., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. the electric vehicle driving experience on range anxiety. Human Factors, 57(1), 177à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 187. Virvalaite, R., Saladiene, V., Bagdonaite, R. (2015).Peculiarities of impulsive purchasing in the market of consumer goods.Engineering Economics, 62(2), 23-29 Yu, J. C., Lee, S. S. (2016). The Effect of Social Responsibility Characteristics and Consumer Attitude on Purchasing Intention.Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 34(1), 13-32.

The Indian in the Cupboard free essay sample

Readers Response #1 After reading the first 68 pages of The Indian in the cupboard by Lynne Reid Banks, I believe that the book is a wonderful read so far. Lynne keeps us on the edge of our seats by building up the suspense by using making us wonder what will happen next. For example, when Omri receives a small cupboard as a birthday gift and a small plastic Indian figurine from his friend Patrick, however this many not seem exciting, but when he wishes to lock his small plastic fgurines in the cupboard, however cannot find a key, until his mother tells him to search through her key ollection. He saves the weirdest looking key for last, and somehow, it works. I really was engaged at this point, wondering what would happen next, since the book cover was a horse bucking, a small Indian figure with a small knife, and in the background a massive eye, indicating that the small Indian fgure was alive as well as the horse, and the eye most likely being Omris. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian in the Cupboard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If I was Omri I think that I wouldnt be like a slave to the little Indian figure (Little Bull), I think I would more give Little Bull the things he needed rather than make them like Omri does, since whatever Little Bull wants, Omri gets it, or does it, but obviously he needs food and such, but constantly asking for things like a tepee and a longhouse. In my mind I can sort of see a small proud, brave muscled little Indian figure and even though he is in the presence of a giant (Omri), he does not fear him, and I personally think that Little Bull likes Omri, Just a little so far. When Little Bull gets a horse, (which Omri gave to him by putting an Arabian house into his little magical cupboard) Little Bull finally gets to go outside. Imagine being round 7cm wandering around outside, with small ants, spiders, and such animals now being giant, and small cracks in the ground becoming large fissures, and yet Little Bull and his horse were not afraid, it was like they were the same person, both brave, courageous and valiant. Personally, this far I really admire Little Bull. When Little Bull orders Omri to magic him up a bow and arrow, Omri goes and buys another Indian plastic fgurine; however this time it is an Indian chief. He places the Indian chief into his cupboard, and locks the door, and within seconds, a real life Indian chief is smack bang where the plastic figure was, being the proud, courageous people they are, the Indian chief showed no fear, however rather bottled it up, and Omri could see his hands trembling. Suddenly the chief fainted; Omri then placed Little Bull on his hand, Little Bull checked out the chief, and concluded that he was dead. Little Bull took the chiefs headdress, since Little Bull was the only Indian left (in the room) it was only right that he took it, which I think is a little odd Omri would let him do that, because clearly Omri was the bigger, person and technically was playing god. I was really expecting that the chiet and i L ttle Bull would be triends or even enemies, and be constantly fghting until Omri finally throws one of them back into the cupboard and turn the key, thus becoming plastic once again, or even both of them. If Omri is the curious type, I believe that he will try to create life again and this time, Little Bull might get along with the other being, or could have a fght. I also think that Patrick is getting really curious as to what is going on, since Omri has also gotten a skateboard for his birthday, so I think that he will maybe follow Omri home to find out hat is actually going on. The Indian in the cupboard By Lynne Reid Banks Readers Response #2 I continued to read The Indian in the cupboard another 68 pages, and you wouldnt believe how much has happened, and I can honestly say, I have havent read a book this engaging since around 5 years ago. Where to start? Well I guess that I should start where I left off. As I guessed, another plastic figure would come to life, however it was not the doing of Omri, it was in fact his best friend Patrick. Omri finally let Patrick come over, and showed him Little Bull; Patrick was flabbergasted Just as nybody would have been if they saw a small Indian with a horse running around in somebodys bedroom. Omri told Patrick about his magical little cupboard and the magical little key, Patrick instantly grabbed a bunch of little soldiers, commandos and other figurines, and wished to put them all into the cupboard. However Omri, the more mature one explained to Patrick, that if brought to life, they were real, actual people, not Just mere toys anymore. I think it reminds me a little of me and my friend, me being Patrick the childish, doesnt think things through kind of person, and hen there is him, (him being like Omri) the well thought, mature and thoughtful kind of person. IVe read this far and I really do not wish to stop and write this response it is that addictive. Recapping so far, Patrick is really determined, and selfish. As Omri goes down to the kitchen to get Little Bull some food, he unfortunately left Patrick alone. In his room. With the cupboard and key and thousands of little plastic figures. Which can only mean one thing. Disaster. During Omris little trip to the kitchen, he realises what he has done halfway through, which is left Patrick alone, which I think is really illy of him, because I thought about it straight away after he left to get the food.. He rushed up stairs only to find that Patrick has already created life. A small cowboy, equipped with a gun, and horse. The two then must deal with the problems between Boone (the cowboy) and Little Bull, and things get even more difficult when Patrick, being as stubborn as he is tells Omri to give Boone to him which he thinks it is by right, and I personally think that Patrick is really an idiot for being so stupid, I mean, why pick a cowboy when Omri has an Indian? Omri finally insists that he will bring Boone to school tomorrow, since he couldnt trust Patrick with him. Up to this point, the story is pretty much amazing. However it gets even better when Omri takes the pair to school, because Little Bull was eager to go as well, and there is much more to talk about but I wish to keep reading this book. Im that excited about it. The way Lynne writes the book makes it so very suspenseful and addictive by using long sentences for the climax, which is what Im basically up to, and I really like how Lynne oesnt repeat herself like some other books I have read. Readers Response #3 I have Just finished reading the book. And I must say, Im very impressed with the ending, but in a way its really sad. Part of me feels like it was like Omri wasted his time with Little Bull, caring for him, worrying, like a mother would about her child. All for that Just to have him leave back to his own time. But the other part of me feels like that it was a very valuable lesson to have, to look after another, especially when they are a lot smaller and can be in a lot more danger than say, a child would be. In conclusion, I really enjoyed the book, it was a great read. Time to recap. The book was written in third person, and was suitable because it was very simple to follow, however, effective all the same. This book didnt take as long as The life of Pi to get started, which really got my attention, and really got my attention, making me wanting to continue to read, and to me, it was planned out perfectly. I would defiantly recommend this book for Just about anybody who desires a really engaging read. The mood throughout the whole book is pretty relaxed and laid back.

Strategies in the economic meltdown

Strategies in the economic meltdown Free Online Research Papers The breeziest word of the modern days happens to be â€Å"Economic Meltdown†. This has caused unwanted panic and has resulted in the downward trend of the economic scenario and negative outlook in the minds of every common man in every nook and corner of the world. So let us know the real fact about this economic meltdown and its impact in India. Finally we would look through some practical and proven strategies which would help the economy to revive and gain economic stability. Economic Meltdown: Economic meltdown is a situation which is characterized by economic blocks. Economic systems adopt different levels of fluidity depending upon the level of controls and free market enterprise systems contributing to the overall size of the economy. This situation is not permanent. It changes at a period of time when the economy regains its stability. Situations leading to the Economic Meltdown: The following situations are likely to take place before the economic meltdown: Capital appreciation based on perceived rather than real value based on purchasing power at a specific time led to overheating of capital blocks. Look at capital markup in the stock exchange. When returns on capital increase disproportionately from its purchasing power and usable value, the economy follows the paths of casino. Investment into Fluid capital started getting precedence over the creation of physical assets. Directions of money flows from capital assets to fluid assets become overheated. Causes for the Economic Meltdown: Our global society has avoided breakdown for a very long time. Because of this delay, five serious stresses have been building up, stresses that are interacting dynamically at every level of our civilization. They include rising economic stress caused by growing inequality, with its accompanying threat of social chaos and extremism; demographic stress resulting from much higher birthrates in impoverished countries than in affluent nations, as well as from the growth of unstable mega-cities; environmental stress caused by deteriorating natural resources, particularly in countries that can’t defend themselves from corporate predation; climate stress brought about by global warming; and energy stress from the imbalance between our rising energy demands and our plateauing energy supplies. These stresses are aggravated by the growing access that small groups of people have to weapons of mass destruction, and by the increasing interconnectedness of all parts of the global system. G lobalization has created a situation where economic problems in one country, like the sub-prime fiasco in the United States, can quickly infect every other economy in the world. Energy stress is another important factor that contributes towards the economic meltdown. Effects of the Economic Meltdown: Indian Job market is witnessing a slump as the jobs that were available in huge numbers are not available at all. Even though, job seekers are leaving no stone unturned for acquiring a job, yet they are not able to secure a job for themselves. This trend is going to continue in the days to come as the situation is showing no signs of recovery leading to the escalation of problems for the job seekers. The Global Economic Meltdown that has hit India is equated to the Great Depression that happened in United States of America. The job market is badly hit, great players like Satyam, Microsoft and Converges downsized their strength to fight this crisis situation. Here is the table depicting the effects of the economic meltdown: Starts and Closures in India 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 New Firms 584,892 594,369 574,300 545,000 550,100 Firm Closures 531,400 497,246 542,831 568,300 584,500 Bankruptcies 63,912 50,516 35,472 39,719 38,155 Though the bankruptcies have reduced in these years, the firm closures have only been increasing due to the recession and depression in India. Owing to this situation, establishment of new firms have not been as increasing as expected. Only a marginal amount of increase is seen in the economy. This economic meltdown also leads to the following kinds of unemployment: ? Cyclical Unemployment ? Frictional Unemployment ? Structural Unemployment Example of the effects of the Meltdown in Tamil Nadu: CHENNAI: The impact of global economic meltdown coupled with the problems related to competition has begun to reflect on the sale of packaged drinking water in the city. Nearly 30 units that were functioning in the suburbs have closed down in the past one year as they were unable to withstand the price war and competition. With the industry feeling the pinch of the economic downturn, the packaged drinking water manufacturers raised doubts on whether consumption patterns of their products in the last few years would be maintained this season. The sale of packaged water, including pet bottles, bubble-top cans and water sachets, peaks normally between April and June. Last year, the total consumption rose up to 40 lakh litres of water a day but this year the total consumption has reduced to 30 lakh litres of water a day due to its price. Many unit owners said though the production cost was on the rise, they were unable to increase the cost. Despite this situation, the total consumption reduced on a whole. Exceptional Area Unaffected by the Economic Meltdown: KOLKATA: The global economic meltdown has taken toll on India’s diamond exports.Hit by a contraction in demand for diamond in the US and European markets, export of cut and polished diamonds from India are believed to have dropped 8.24% to $13 billion in 2008-09 from $14.2 billion in the previous year, according to provisional estimates. However, driven by a 36.2% growth in rough diamonds exports at $772 million, total exports of gems and jewellery from the country touched $21.18 billion in 2008-09, slightly above the previous year’s figure of $20.81 billion. Opportunities to the Regulated Economies during the Economic Meltdown: ? Investor systems receive public funds associated with safety. ? Capital flows remain more regulated and structured. ? Market demands are less affected in capital regulated economies. ? Opportunities for the market regulated economies to tap the market of the heated economies increase if the creation of the value of raw material through technology and labour remain competitive. Practical Steps to revive the economy: The following are the practical steps we need to take to get wealth: 1. Review the strength and weaknesses of the economy 2. Self employment to be increased 3. Apt economic planning 4. Procrastination to be avoided 5. Be focused and remain focused 6. Tax holidays can be announced 7. Total savings to be boosted up. The monetary policy of India should also be revised enough to meet the turbulent times during meltdown of the economy. RBI’s intervention is recommended for the benefit of the economy. Producers can become more alarmed and snatch the scenario to ruffle up the profits of their competitors. Because the epitome â€Å"Consumer is the King† has changed to â€Å"Producer is the King† due to the economic meltdown. The developing countries had been left with the burden of the crisis, aside from the fact that they had not participated constructively in the discussions to find remedies. Rich industrialized nations had, as an immediate response to the crisis, created economic stimulus packages meant to provide immediate and short terms remedies. Funding to ailing industries and companies to stay afloat in a bid to stem the economic crisis is also encouraged. Others are purchase of bank toxic assets in order to sustain the ability of the banks to still offer credits and or to recapitalize. Conclusion: Developing economies must see the crisis as an opportunity for global economic renewal, with the creation of a new global financial and economic order as the focus. Let us hope that another Keynes would rock the world with his successful theory to revive the global economy. Research Papers on Strategies in the economic meltdownPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Fukushima Nuclear Plant Explosion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Fukushima Nuclear Plant Explosion - Essay Example After the earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima accident the nuclear system went offline. This led to a shortage of electricity across the nation. A lot people suffered because business activity seized without electricity which caused the shutdown of operations of many corporations. The Fukushima nuclear accident had horrible repercussions for the Japanese people. The managers running the plant had to make some tough ethical decisions. Crews of workers were send in into the plant knowing fully they would be exposed to radiation levels above the level any human can endured. These courageous workers sacrificed their well being to protect the Japanese community. The government used a lot of disinformation tactics to hide the truth about the long term consequences of the Fukushima accident. A study performed on the situation revealed that out of 7.8 billion people living within 200 kilometers of Fukushima 400,000 people will develop cancer due to the radiation that was released after the accident

Important Change management in Abu Dhabi police department Essay

Important Change management in Abu Dhabi police department - Essay Example This model was developed through cooperation between the police, city departments and the community. The community policing structure contains police officers, community relations officers, neighborhood watches and other parties. Over the fifty-three years since its establishment, the Abu Dhabi Police Department has seen expansion in both structure and scope. A major motivation to modernize and re-structure the ADP has come from the rapid growth in the population of UAE, especially that of Abu Dhabi. According to 2006 statistics, the UAE population was estimated at 2.94 million, with a growth rate of 6.5%, while the Abu Dhabi population was estimated at 1.5 million (Abu Dhabi Department of Planning and Economy, 2009). This high growth rate has been due to rapid economic growth, which has attracted large-scale immigration from neighbouring Arab countries, the Indian sub-continent, and the Far East. Economic development led to the adoption of advanced technologies even by criminals, who have undertaken ever more sophisticated crimes related to trade, drugs and money laundering. In addition, changes in lifestyles led to weakening of family ties and resulting in many people living alone and isolated. As a result of these changes, the ADP realized that it would have to change its traditional approach in order to improve its performance in preventing crime. More specifically, ADP has made an effort to initiate a Community Policing Program that will engage the mutual participation of the police and the public in crime prevention. To initiate a closer and more casual relationship between the ADP and the local public. Police work does not begin only after theft or other crimes have occurred but should be preventive in nature and include the involvement of the community. More interaction between the local public and the

The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga - Essay Example Balram is a boy with little education and the urge to break away from the life of poverty and misery into which he is born. As Balram Halwai is thrust into the glittering life of the rich in India’s capital, the difference between those in his station in life and that of his employers is sharply brought into focus. This is the turning point, and it is the humiliations and injustices that he faces that finally push him into using any means to escape into a better life. As he explains "In the old days there were one thousand castes...in India. These days, there are just two castes: Men with Big Bellies, and Men with Small Bellies."(pg 64) Balram is determined to do whatever it takes to become a big-bellied man, and to this end, he resorts to bribing the police, bending the rules or even worse. After all he has learnt these lessons from his rich masters themselves! I think the protagonist of Aravind Adiga’s novel is an entrepreneur. He has most of the qualities that are re quired for entrepreneurship. Balram himself lists these when he says â€Å"The Indian entrepreneur has to be straight and crooked, mocking and believing, sly and sincere at the same time.†(pg 9) Einstein once said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." (Albert Einstein Quotes) and Balram Halwai echoes this when he swears by his favourite poet Iqbal’s words â€Å"They remain slaves because they cannot see what is beautiful.† (pg 40)... His ability to think on his feet is sharply brought into focus when he alone is able to answer the inspector’s questions. His ability to recall things he has seen, read and overheard and his intuition about the way they fit into the scheme of things is what is appreciated by the inspector who sees a bright future for the village lad. Balram calls himself a â€Å"half baked fellow’’ because he has only a few years of schooling, and further adds that â€Å"entrepreneurs are made from half baked clay.† (pg 11) Balram Halwai’s ability to take life as it comes and seize opportunity whenever it arises is amply displayed as he eavesdrops on conversations at the teashops where he is forced to work, and uses the scraps of knowledge thus gained to educate himself on the goings on in the world around him. He puts it very succinctly when he says â€Å"I am a man of action and change†. Overhearing that drivers were paid well and they were required in lar ge numbers in the coal mining town of Dhanbad where he works in a teashop, the boy cajoled his granny into giving him the money he needed to learn how to drive a car. Although he knew that the driver who taught him was taking advantage of him and making him spend a lot of his time doing free repair jobs on taxis; he stuck to his resolve to learn driving and mastered it. Having mastered driving skills was only a beginning, he had to get a driver’s job in an environment where merit was no criterion. Caught up as he is, in the morass of corruption, inequality and poverty, he bides his time and waits for the right opening to press home the advantage. Knowing the right people and greasing the right palms was how one got a job, and the poor lad was a nobody and had no help in that department. His intuition and ability

School Delinquency And Rising Problems Young People Essay

School Delinquency And Rising Problems Young People Essay School delinquency is a rising problem in our schools today. There are a large number of youth who are participating in youth delinquency in our schools. What are some of the problems that cause delinquency in our school? There are a number of reasons for this type of behavior. Poor parenting , children who are in poverty. School bullying plays a role in school delinquency. There has been large scale of gang activity in our school. There are many problems due to delinquency in our schools but it is everyones job to correct the problem. In our society we are faced with different forms of behavior, some good and some bad. The are many different view points, when it comes to how we are suppose to act. What is right and what is wrong is determined by what society except. What society dont except is wrong acts that are also called acts of deviance. Deviance is something we look at as a act that violates our social norm. To understand what is not norm you have to understand the culture of which you live in. Murder, for instance is an act of taking someones life purposely. This is an example of delinquency. An act of such is not excepted by society. In society we have laws, they are design to govern and protect us. These rules give us a guideline to how we must act. The society that we live in is full of law abiding citizens and ones who break laws regular. In our society these law breakers are not only breaking laws in the community but they are introduced to our school system Delinquent acts in our schools are committed by youth. Juvenile delinquency in our schools today has become a major problem. Our schools are not the same safe place to focus on education anymore. Some youth come to school everyday focus on education , ready to become what they are design to be in society. There are some youth who come to school just to participate in delinquent activities. There are many different reason children come to school but the problem occurs when the delinquent juvenile brings his delinquent behavior here. There are many reason that causes kids to become delinquent in our schools. Most reasons start from home. Poverty, a major influence towards delinquent behavior. Poverty is when a family lacks the basic resources that normal families use to survive. Other kids who are furnished with nicer clothes and shoes may appear to be more important to youth who dont have. Kids with more may even tease or down put youth who are not furnished with the basic goods. This type of behavior puts kids in a stressful mind frame. They deal with stress and eventually began to participate in deviant acts to try fitting in with the crowd. Kids who live in poverty are more exposed to crime. They are normally around violence and different crimes. They are exposed to law enforcement in a bad way at early ages. They grow up not trusting law enforcement or even respecting their authority figure. They suffer from bad living conditions, so their main focus is not school but basic survival. It can truly be devastat ing challenge for youth to conduct themselves in a school environment when they have this type of negative exposure. These kids suffer from many health problems , they dont have resources for good medical treatment so school cant possibly be their strong points. Social disorganization is another reason that youth act out in schools. For instance, children who were involved in a house hold with mother and father, who ended up getting a divorce is faced with a major change. Where as both parents being there and they have to adjust to just one causes great stress. These kids normally feel that it is their fault. They go to school and their grades drop, they began to feel like a failure. This attitude can easily give a youth , the I dont care attitude. With this attitude, kids began to act out in school. They may start by simple little deviant acts to fighting in school to express their anger. In households with both parent, a child is more prong to listen to one parent more or even favor one more than the other. In this case if that parent who they favor is the one who leaves, that child is deffinately gonna at out in school. Another factor that can arouse from a broken home is that single parent will most likely have to work. This may even be long hours, taking away social time and time for help with home work. This means poor grades and more time to participate in deviant acts. While these deviant acts are occurring children are spending more time watching tv. A study at Columbia University showed kids that watch at least a hour of tv everyday commit robberies and fights. There are a lot of violent shows on television today. Youth are watching these violent shows and thinking that this behavior is excepted in society. The acts that they see on tv are taken to school where they find themselves in trouble. It can be a devastating things for parents not be able monitor their children properly. Child abuse can lead to delinquency in schools. Parents who abuse their children are not only breaking the law but they are damaging their childs future and well being. Child abuse can be anything from striking your kids to neglecting them. Physical child abuse can be hitting, burning, shaking a baby to hard. This is truly something that teaches a child that violence works. Kids are sent to school who are victims of abuse. They are in pain sometimes and dont know where to turn. The are always stressed out and cant take it out on that parent so the act violently towards their peers at school. They often take on the role as being a bully. They began to tease other kids and called them names. The parents who abuse their kids are taking advantage of someone who the perceive as weaker than them. This same principle applied when their kids take on their role towards kids at school. They pry on children who they perceive as weaker than them. This type of behavior labels kids as school bulli es. This type of behavior leads kids in to believing they can go around an violently do what they want to who they want. Becoming a school bully is not only bad for the child who is doing the bullying but it is bad for the victim. This behavior causes the person who is being bullied to retaliate against bullies creating another violent act in our schools. Alcohol and drugs cause a major effect of delinquency in our schools. Drugs do not have a rightful place but definitely not in our schools. Drugs can be any illegal substance not prescribed by a doctor. The main drug of choice for youth is alcohol. Seventy three percent youth say they have tried it at one point of time in their lives. Youth who use alcohol says , it relaxes them and reduces tension. There are many bad sides to alcohol and youth activity. Most youth who drink alcohol are not properly supervised. They normally hang out late at night and miss school on a regular basis. They performance in school falls shorter and shorter. When they drink larger amounts they act the alcohol act as a depressor. Youth whole attitude changes in school , they may even come to school while under the influence. A youth under the influence of alcohol in schools can cause major problems. Another drug that youth like to take is , marijuana. This drug is a green leafy substance known as pot. This drug contains (THC). To much marijuana can be a major effect to youth react in school. This substance is illegal and should not be around schools. This substance can cause youth to act different in school and bring it on school grounds, definitely an act of delinquency. Steroids are another drug found in our schools today . They are used by school athletes to try and bulk up. These drugs cause youth to gain large amount of muscle mass, but it also causes a great risk. This drug can change the way youth act, they may become aggressive. An aggressive youth in our schools can be hard for staff to manage. Crack is a really dangerous drug. Crack is a substance that is cheap and highly addictive. It can be smoked. A youth who comes into contact with this drug is pretty much damaged for life. This drug actually transform youth into a dying person. Youth who come into contact with it will most likely quit school . In the beginning stages they may be able to go to school but they are guaranteed to steal and commit all sorts of crimes to support their habit. Gangs is another reason for delinquency in our schools. There are different type of gangs .There are social gangs in school who will participate in delinquents acts but their main goal is to get drunk and high. These type gangs in our school are still deviant because they are participating illegal act but there are more serious gangs in our schools. The gangs who dont normally worry about getting high but focus on violence. These gangs dont care who they harm. It could be detrimental for youth to get involved with this type of gang. These gangs in school use there power in school to get what they want. They will threaten other students and dare them to tell. These gangs are controlling the schools because it also offers protection. The old saying, if you cant beat um join um applies. Our school system is full of all sorts of acts of delinquency. There are a number of programs design to make our schools better. D.A.R.E is program design to teach kids and let the know about the dangers of drugs. This program has truly been a success. After school programs have been in effect to aid against delinquency in our schools. There are many approached to helping with this problem of delinquency in our schools. Not everyone household is the same, but we all should have the same goal when it comes to making our schools a place for education not a place for delinquent acts. One major problem to the solution is for everyone to take a good look ourselves and find out what we can do to help this situation. Spending time with your kids and finding out how their days are going. By starting this you can start a trend by letting that child know you care about them. Taking time with your kids, walking in the park and playing with your kids shows them that attention. You must disciplin e them when they are in need. Never let your children be the parent. Our youth need that extra attention in the society we live in. It is very important for us to give them that attention because some drug dealer is standing at the schools playground fence or bus stop waiting to show them that attention that leads to school delinquency. It is not only the schools job, law enforcement, after school program but it is all of jobs when it come to dealing with school delinquency. When I focus on correcting my childs action and making sure they are doing what they are suppose to do, then that is one less problem child in our schools. The correcting of our children in our school system creates a safer environment for us all. Larry Siegel Brandon Welsh Juvenile Delinquency Salynn Boyles Health and parenting , http://www.md.com/parenting/news/20100820 Tim Field, Bully at play time revealed Neil Marr, Bullying News Michele Borba, The Facts Of Bullying

Internet Security :: essays research papers

Internet Security What will US politics and the economy be like as we progress through the twenty-first century? There is no single vision, but many people perceive a type of digital democracy. The use of information via Internet or World Wide Web will dramatically change politics and the way government takes place. For example, a digital democracy can inform people about political candidates and issues. Volunteers also use email and web sites to encourage people to go to the polls and vote for their candidate. (1) This really boosts voting and political participation but the problem of security and privacy comes along with this â€Å"digital democracy†. Security would seem easy with today’s technology but how do you secure something that is changing faster than you can find a solution?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Even today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, it still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. (2) It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, but it cannot resist college undergraduates. (2) The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up a part of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. (1) Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply repairs. (1) As general-purpose scripts were introduced on both the client and the serv er’s sides, the dangers of accidental and malicious abuse grew. It did not take long for the Web the move form the scientific community to the commercial world. At this point, the security threats became much more serious. The incentive for malicious attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in the underlying technologies is at an all-time high.(1) When business and profit are at stake, we cannot assume anything less than the most dedicated and resourceful attackers typing their utmost to steal, cheat, and perform malice against users of the Web. (2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the web being the single, largest source of information in the world, people are capable of obtaining stock quotes, tax information from the International Revenue Service, conduct election polls, register for a conference and the list goes on.

Serial Killer Edmund Kemper III

Serial Killer Edmund Kemp Ill For this project I have chosen to go with a serial murder by the name of Edmund Emil Kemp Ill. A serial murder is a murder of separate victims with some time breaks between them (Lyman, 2011, p. 307). The main characteristics off serial murder can vary because each Individual murder had their own â€Å"calling card† so to speak. For example my serial killer became known as the Co-Deed killer because he chose to kill young college girls during his killing spree.Also, another one of his characteristics loud be to dismember the victim's bodies and bury them In different places. Edmund E. Kemp Ill was born on December 13, 1948 In Burbank, CA. He lived a dysfunctional life due to his parents divorcing and remarrying when he was ten years old. After his parents divorced, his mother took Edmund along with his sisters where they would live by her very high standards and abusive ways. His mother criticized Edmund mentally by having him sleep in the basemen t because she feared he would harm his sisters.Because of this he hated his mother and he also started to have darted toward all women. Occasionally Edmund would break off the heads and hands of his sister's dolls and play a game he called â€Å"The gas chamber† in which he would execute the victim (Fisher, 2003). Edmund began his killings with his grandmother because he felt that she treated him as his mother did. So he took a . 22 caliber rifle and shot her In the back of the head and stabbed her multiple times. Furthermore, when his grandfather came home he also shot him.This would be Edmunds first time killing anyone. After he killed his grandparents, Edmund was intended to a juvenile maximum-security hospital where he would spend the remainder of his childhood. Edmund would be released to his mother at the age of 21 regardless of his doctor's wishes (Ramadan, 2006). Once Edmund returned home he applied for some jobs to include applying at the local police department. How ever, the police department rejected him because of his awkward size. He was still infatuation with becoming a police officer which landed him into their atmosphere.He would hang out at the local bars and courthouses that were adorned by police officers. Eventually, Edmund would become their friend and to many of them he was known as â€Å"Big Deed†. In his off time, he would cruise the highways picking up dozens of young female hitch-hikers so he could work on his approach to reach his goal of putting them at ease. Now that Kemp had reached his short -term goal of making killing spree went from 1972 to 1973 where he would murder six young female hitch- hikers: Mary Ann Peace, Anita Luckless, Kaki Kook, Cindy Shall, Roseland Thorpe, and Alice Line (Ramadan, 2006).He would kill these women dismember them, have sex tit their corpses, and bury them in odd areas. One of his victim's heads would wind up in his mother's garden as a Joke. Kemp always knew how to keep from getting ca ught and unbeknownst to the officers he made friends with; he would soon be identified as the Co-Deed killer. When all was done Kemp took his anger back into his home toward his mother. While his mother was in bed asleep, he used a claw hammer and hit her with it, and then he would decapitated her, remove her larynx and Jammed it down the garbage disposal (Fisher, 2003).After he finished with killing is mother he was still unsatisfied so he invited Sally Wallet (his mother's best-friend) over for a dinner in honor of his mom. Once she entered the house Edmund, clubbed her over the head, strangled her, and decapitated her as well. When he was done with killing his mom and her friend Edmund Kemp decided to call the police department and turn himself in; as this would be the last life that Edmund Kemp would be responsible for. Officers thought it was a Joke when he called in and giving the police all of the grizzly details of his actions.

Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Trans Essays

Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Trans Essays Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Biochemistry Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Picture this. A man is involved in a severe car crash in Florida which has left him brain-dead with no hope for any kind of recovery. The majority of his vital organs are still functional and the man has designated that his organs be donated to a needy person upon his untimely death. Meanwhile, upon checking with the donor registry board, it is discovered that the best match for receiving the heart of the Florida man is a male in Oregon who is in desperate need of a heart transplant. Without the transplant, the man will most certainly die within 48 hours. The second man's tissues match up perfectly with the brain-dead man's in Florida. This seems like an excellent opportunity for a heart transplant. However, a transplant is currently not a viable option for the Oregon man since he is separated by such a vast geographic distance from the organ. Scientists and doctors are currently only able to keep a donor heart viable for four hours before the tissues become irreversibly damaged. Because of this preservation restriction, the donor heart is ultimately given to someone whose tissues do not match up as well, so there is a greatly increased chance for rejection of the organ by the recipient. As far as the man in Oregon goes, he will probably not receive a donor heart before his own expires. Currently, when a heart is being prepared for transplantation, it is simply submerged in an isotonic saline ice bath in an attempt to stop all metabolic activity of that heart. This cold submersion technique is adequate for only four hours. However, if the heart is perfused with the proper media, it can remain viable for up to 24 hours. The technique of perfusion is based on intrinsically simple principles. What occurs is a physician carefully excises the heart from the donor. He then accurately trims the vessels of the heart so they can be easily attached to the perfusion apparatus. After trimming, a cannula is inserted into the superior vena cava. Through this cannula, the preservation media can be pumped in. What if this scenario were different? What if doctors were able to preserve the donor heart and keep it viable outside the body for up to 24 hours instead of only four hours? If this were possible, the heart in Florida could have been transported across the country to Oregon where the perfect recipient waited. The biochemical composition of the preservation media for hearts during the transplant delay is drastically important for prolonging the viability of the organ. If a media can be developed that could preserve the heart for longer periods of time, many lives could be saved as a result. Another benefit of this increase in time is that it would allow doctors the time to better prepare themselves for the lengthy operation. The accidents that render people brain-dead often occur at night or in the early morning. Presently, as soon as a donor organ becomes available, doctors must immediately go to work at transplanting it. This extremely intricate and intense operation takes a long time to complete. If the transplanting doctor is exhausted from working a long day, the increase in duration would allow him enough time to get some much needed rest so he can perform the operation under the best possible circumstances. Experiments have been conducted that studied the effects of preserving excised hearts by adding several compounds to the media in which the organ is being stored. The most successful of these compounds are pyruvate and a pyruvate containing compound known as perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene-egg yolk phospholipid (APE-LM). It was determined that adding pyruvate to the media improved postpreservation cardiac function while adding glucose had little or no effect. To test the function of these two intermediates, rabbit hearts were excised and preserved for an average of 24.5 1 0.2 hours on a preservation apparatus before they were transplanted back into a recipient rabbit. While attached to the preservation apparatus, samples of the media output of the heart were taken every 2 hours and were assayed for their content. If the compound

Industrial Revolution. essays

Industrial Revolution. essays By reading this chapter I learned that three major thesis conquered the history of Western society between 1750 and 1914. They there: political disturbance caused by major Revolutions in the West; introduction of Western European institutions and values to colonist countries such as United States; industrialization. The greatest change of all was industrialization. The Industrial Revolution modernized the economy, first in Britain and then in the rest of western Europe and United States. It presented dramatic new technologies and a new systematization of work. The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1700-1850 in which new technology was being discovered at an alarming rate. The average British person born in 1760 saw more changes in his or her lifetime than ten generations of descendants had seen in theirs. There were many factors that aided the Industrial Revolution. In the 1700s many wealthy landowners began to look for new ways to increase the size of their harvests. The first man to experiment in this way was Jethro Tull he improved the process of sowing the seed by a seed drill; it allowed farmers to sow seed in well-spaced rows at specific depths. The second invention to follow was the invention of crop rotation; many farmers wanted to find a way to keep their fields fertile so they would waste a year of planting. So instead of letting the field be barren was to grow a different crop each year so it would stay fertile and you could still grow crops. The next improvement in farming was when Robert Bakewell began trying to raise his quality of livestock; by allowing only the best animals to breed he increased the weight of his sheep and also greatly improved the taste of the mutton. This improvements in farming had great effects on the population, since there was a more food more children were born and that fuel more workers for the factories. The next fuel for the Industrial Revolution wa ...